Walls do not lean. They fail.
Saturated soil is dramatically heavier than dry soil, and water trapped behind a wall adds hydrostatic pressure on top of that weight — a wall that was comfortable in August can be badly overloaded in a wet spring. Skip the drain rock and the pipe and you have built exactly that trap. Up here it gets a second mechanism for free: water held in the backfill freezes and expands against the back of the wall through every cold night of the winter, walking it forward a fraction at a time. The warning sign is a lean, and by the time you see it the fix is not repair, it is demolition, re-excavation of the slope, and building it again — with the drainage that should have been there.



